Community and gene composition of a human dental plaque. Wadea acentre for immunobiology, blizard institute, barts and the london school of medicine and dentistry. Pdf the relationship among daily sugar exposure, dental plaque composition and caries patterns in the primary dentition is not known. Mycoplasma yeast protozoa viruses host cells in dental plaque. In the mouth of people with poor oral hygiene, dental plaque may accumulate extensively over all the surfaces of the teeth. Effect of surface roughness and materials composition. Pdf biochemical composition and cariogenicity of dental. As explained in chapter 1, dental plaque is the name given to the aggregations of bacteria and their products which accumulate on the tooth surface. Us5298237a gel composition for reduction of gingival. It is the aetiological agent for major dental diseases such as dental caries and periodontal disease. Us4251507a process and composition for reducing dental. Structure of dental plaque and the plaqueenamel interface in. Dental plaque soft deposits that form the biofilm adhering to the.
Composition and formation of microbial dental plaque and calculus learn with flashcards, games, and more for free. The microbial composition of the normal plaque biofilms significantly differs from this bacterial community confined to carious regions and in the subgingival regions. The term gelatinous microbial plaque was first employed by black in 1898 to describe the feltlike masses which he and several other early investigators observed on the teeth. The structure of dental plaque refers to the manner in which the elements of dental plaque, predom inantly bacteria, are organized and interrelated.
Pdf relationship among microbiological composition and. Dental plaque is composed primarily of microorganisms. Plaque that has hardened into tartar will have to be removed by a dental professional. Other than bacteria, non bacterial organisms include. Dental plaque the biofilm is remarkably stable in its composition of microbes despite mechanical abrasion tooth cleaning and flossing and dental cleanings by the hygiene team. It is commonly found between the teeth, on the front of teeth, behind teeth, on chewing surfaces, along the gumline, or below the gumline cervical margins. To confirm the results of this small study and to help define the limits of where plaque composition is a more important determinant of ischemia than stenosis severity, shmilovich and colleagues. The composition of the dental plaque matters oral health. Dental plaque is a structurally and functionallyorganized biofilm. Thus, considering the importance of the inorganic composition of dental plaque to caries development 4, the factors responsible for the lower concentration of f, ca. The formation, structure and microbial composition of dental plaque. The present invention provides a gel composition useful for the prevention or treatment of gingivitis, periodontal disease, and dental plaque which comprises ascorbic acid, copper sulfate, and essentially no added oxidizing agent, in concentrations sufficient for the prevention or treatment of gingivitis, periodontal disease, and dental plaque.
It is a sticky colorless deposit at first, but when it forms tartar, it is often brown or pale yellow. Overgrowth of dental plaque will lead to disease plaque as a relatively homogeneous bacterial mass gingivitis intermediate qualitatively distinct bacterial composition. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. But once it becomes unstable a process called dysbiosis, dental disease dental decay or gum disease can commence. Dental plaque from both groups contained similar numbers of total colonyforming units per microgram of plaque protein, and streptococcus sanguis, an indigenous nonpathogen, was isolated with. Thus, it is relevant to understand the mechanisms that lead to a lower concentration of f, ca and p i in biofilm formed in the presence of the. The two groups showed no significant differences in chemical composition of plaque. This study will examine the composition of dental plaquea naturally occurring substance that sticks to the teeth and can cause tooth decay and gum disease. Plaque is a soft, sticky film that builds up on your teeth and contains millions of bacteria. Subgingival dental plaque as reservoirs of gram negative. The composition of dental plaque also varies on distinct anatomical surfaces e. Microbial composition of dental plaque microflora on first.
Local environmental factors which influence the establishment and composition of the ultimate plaque community are therefore of greater importance than initial. The inorganic composition of dental plaque matrix is potentially important in the development of dental caries 4. The present invention relates to an improved method for cleansing of human teeth to help reduce and control dental plaque as an aid in preventing dental caries and periodontal disease. Diet, nutrition and the prevention of dental diseases. The black horizontal line indicates the level from which this sample of plaque was taken. Dental plaque from both groups contained similar numbers of total colonyforming units per microgram of plaque protein, and streptococcus sanguis, an indigenous nonpathogen, was isolated with equal frequency from plaque samples of both groups. When you eat, the bacteria in plaque use the sugars in your food to produce acids that eat away at the tooth enamel. Glucose was the predominant sugar constituent in plaque and was detected in highest concentration in the irradiated animals. Although dental plaque is often mentioned in dental literature, its chemical composition has received little attention. Ax and the effects of a twicedaily oral rinse on dental plaque composition. The formation, structure and microbial composition of. Both in vitro and in vivo studies underline the importance of both variables in dental plaque formation. In dentistry, calculus or tartar is a form of hardened dental plaque. However, several simple home remedies can help treat and prevent plaque and tartar.
On the plaque surface, one observes rods and filaments. Since dental plaque reservoirs of fluoride f, calcium ca and inorganic phosphorus pi are susceptible to decreases in ph, this in situ crossover study was. Varying the carbon regime reproducibly altered the bacterial composition of dental plaque biofilms, while maintaining similar numbers of bacteria. These organisms exist within an intercellular matrix. Composition of dental plaque formed in the presence of.
The structure of the plaque biofilm might restrict the penetration of antimicrobial agents, while bacteria growing on a surface grow slowly and. Chemotactically regulated immigration of polymorphonuclear granulocytes pmn, arrow. Dental plaque is an example of a biofilm and a microbial community, and the significance of this will be explained in the following sections. The clinical picture of these dental diseases is a net result of the crosstalk between the pathogenic dental plaque biofilm and the host tissue response. Current literature frequently refers to dentobacterial plaque with the. Despite numerous studies analysing species richness in healthy and diseased human subjects, the true genomic composition of the human dental plaque microbiota remains unknown.
The appropriate intervention is crucial for the prevention of. Carbohydrate composition of dental plaque from primates. In vitro, 16 oral bacterial strains were tested using agar diffusion susceptibility, minimum inhibitory and minimum bactericidal concentration tests. Dental health professionals spend untold hours removing this precious natural resource to perform therapy with little regard to. In particular, it relates to a viscous composition of particular characteristics and a process for application thereof to accomplish these objectives. The impact of media composition on dental plaque biofilms. Structure of dental plaque and the plaqueenamel interface in human experimental caries. The bacteria in plaque cause tooth decay and gum disease if they are not removed regularly through brushing and flossing. What percent of dental calculus is inorganic and what are the components. Article effect of maltitolcontaining chewing gum use on the composition of dental plaque microbiota in subjects with active dental caries erica m. Dental plaque as a biofilm and a microbial community. Cultivation studies, in which bacteria are isolated and characterized in the laboratory, indicate that more than 500 distinct microbial species are found in dental plaque nonbacterial microorganisms that are found in plaque include mycoplasma species, yeasts, protozoa.
Plaque forms in an ordered way and has a diverse microbial composition that, in health, remains relatively stable over time microbial homeostasis. Plaque sits there eating the nutrients provided by your diet. Relationship among microbiological composition and presence of dental plaque, sugar exposure, social factors and different stages of early childhood caries. What is the composition of dental plaque, and how is it. Although this definition may suggest a vision of a rather static assembly of microorganisms content edly sticking to a solid surface, nothing could be further from the truth.
On occasions, however, plaque can accumulate beyond levels compatible with oral health, and this can lead to shifts in the composition of the microflora and predispose sites to disease. Composition of dental plaque formed in the presence of sucrose and. Pdf mechanisms of dental plaque formation researchgate. Dental plaque can be defined as the soft deposits that form the biofilm adhering to the tooth surface. The knowledge of normal salivary composition, flow, and function is extremely important on a daily basis when treating patients. This process of precipitation kills the bacterial cells within dental plaque, but the rough and hardened surface that is formed provides an ideal surface for further plaque formation. Dental plaque is an archetypical biofilm composed of a complex microbial community. Dental plaque is the name given to the aggregations of bacteria and their. Consequently, these changes in microbial composition affected the matrix compositional profile, reflecting the increase in carbon supplementation. Dental plaque as a biofilm and a microbial community implications. Rough surfaces w ill promote plaque formation and maturation. Kistler, rebecca moazzezb, clementine thabuis c, caroline perreau and william g.
Plaque is the sticky, colorless film of bacteria that forms on teeth. To put it simply, dental plaque is a conglomeration of bacteria, and one of their products, is a gluelike material that helps keep the plaque together and attached to the tooth surface. Dental plaque is a biofilm or mass of bacteria that grows on surfaces within the mouth. Study of the composition of dental plaque full text view. Visit to learn about tooth plaque and all the techniques and products that will help you prevent plaque from causing tooth decay. Dental plaque is the main cause of cavities and gum disease, and can harden into tartar if not removed daily. The buildup of plaque and tartar on the teeth can cause bad breath, tooth decay, and gum disease. Composition of dental plaque dental plaque is composed primarily of microorganisms. Pdf dental plaque biofilm in oral health and disease.
It makes teeth feel fuzzy to the tongue and is most noticeable when teeth are not brushed. Human dental plaque is a complex microbial community containing an estimated 700 to 19,000 speciesphylotypes. Biochemical composition and cariogenicity of dental plaque formed in the presence of sucrose or glucose and fructose. Carbohydrate analyses were performed on dental plaque collected from the teeth of irradiated monkeys, non. Pdf relationship among dental plaque composition, daily sugar. We compared the microbiological and chemical composition of dental plaque from subjects with hereditary fructose intolerance who restrict their dietary sugar intake with that of control subjects who do not. Dental plaque made easy composition formation effects 5minuteschool. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the bacterial levels, composition, and acidogenic potential of plaque microflora on upper and lower first molars without appliances or with bands or brackets, in order to elucidate the characteristics of orthodontic applianceassociated dental plaque. Your dentist or oral hygienist can remove it when you have a regular dental. It is caused by precipitation of minerals from saliva and gingival crevicular fluid gcf in plaque on the teeth. A better understanding of how plaque builds up in the mouth may help in developing improved ways of controlling it. Effect of maltitolcontaining chewing gum use on the. Microflora and chemical composition of dental plaque from. Effect of an oxygenating agent on oral bacteria in vitro.
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